This paper focuses on the promotion of R&D&I through state intervention in the economy, specifically by using public procurement and State aid. Innovation is widely recognised as being the key driver of economic growth alongside research and development. As the largest EU Research and Innovation program (Horizon 2020) is currently in progress, a reflection on the subject is timely and at the same time essential in understanding its practical implications. One purpose of this paper is to verify the relationship between these two legal instruments in promoting innovation, beginning with a look at their legal framework. On the one hand, the EU encourages Member States to adopt strategic use of public procurement to finance innovation. On the other hand, similar goals may be reached using state aid for R&D&I which, since 1986, when the first framework on this matter was adopted, has been a key component of EU policy. The paper tries to find points of convergence between public procurement and state aid for R&D&I, opportunities and challenges for using each of them. The paper concludes that both legal instruments serve the purpose, although the specifics of legal regimes make their usage desirable in different settings – depending on the level of the policy design (central or local).