TY - JOUR T1 - In-House Contracts and Inter-Municipal Cooperation – Exceptions from the European Union Procurement Law Should be Applied with Caution A1 - Hausmann, Friedrich Ludwig A1 - Queisner, Georg PY - 2013 N2 - The European Union has drawn up rules for the award of public contracts exceeding a certain value, in order to guarantee that public procurement be open to competition and to avoid market distortion.1 As a principle, contracting authorities have to put out public contracts to tender. An exception to this principle applies where a contracting authority does not purchase from a market but receives services from another public entity within the State organisation (public JF - European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review JA - European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review VL - 8 IS - 3 UR - https://doi.org/10.21552/EPPPL/2013/3/174 M3 - doi:10.21552/EPPPL/2013/3/174 ER -