Michele Giannino

European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, Volume 12 (2017), Issue 1, Page 40 - 49

The focus lies on the School Cleaning Service case, recently decided by the Italian antitrust enforcers, concerning a bid rigging scheme that affected the procurement of public contracts. To establish a bid rigging scheme, the Italian Competition Authority must meet an evidentiary onus similar to one required by the European Commission. It has then to prove the anomalous bidding patterns, the lack of alternative plausible explanation for such conducts and the exchange of sensitive information between the colluders. Initially, the Italian Competition Authority found that a consortium of operators and three other firms breached Article 101 TFEU for collusion and imposed an impressive €113 million fine. On appeal, an administrative court set aside the infringement decision against one of the colluders that succeeded in proving that its bidding strategies had a rational explanation in the saving of startup and labour costs. The appeal judge also reduced the fines levied on the other cartelists because the Italian Competition Authority wrongly calculated the basic amount of the fines and misapplied the aggravating factor of the secrecy of the anti-competitive agreement. Keywords: Enforcement; Public Contracts; Procurement; Antitrust; Collusion; Anomalous Bidding; School Cleaning Services.

Micaela Lottini, Michele Giannino

European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, Volume 4 (2009), Issue 4, Page 12

When Inter-Municipal Cooperation Meets EU Internal Market Law I. Introduction 1. Major legal issues with inter-municipal cooperation under EU law National administrative laws of Member States1 allow public authorities to conclude cooperation agreements between one another in order to discharge their public functions. Public authorities, especially at a local level, tend to rely on intermunicipal cooperation agreements as a cost-effective option f

Michele Giannino

European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review, Volume 3 (2008), Issue 3, Page 12

Latest Developments in the EC Regime for Funding of Rail Industry I. Introduction These are exciting busy days for rail transport in Europe. With the liberalisation of freight transport already in place and the liberalisation of passenger services in the pipeline the railway undertakings’ monopoly old glory days are gone, perhaps for good.1 To ensure a level playing field among train operators (intra-mode competition) and between train operators